Gendering Liberalisation and Labour Reform in Malaysia: Fostering “competitiveness” in the productive and reproductive economies

This paper seeks to examine how and why gender needs to be brought into the analysis of state developmentalism in Asia. In doing so, the paper focuses on on-going processes of labour market and industrial relations reform that have accompanied Malaysia’s economic development since the early 1970s. The argument is made that understanding these reforms from a gender perspective means that we must recognise both the significant contribution that women made to the growth of export manufacturing industries and the role that social relations of reproduction play in underpinning economic reform and transformation. The analysis explores how gendered social relations (of production and reproduction) have been central to the labour politics of Malaysia’s state-led developmentalism. Particular emphasis is placed on how ideas of maintaining ‘competitiveness’ through the attempts to transition to a more knowledgecentred economy have entailed particular roles and responsibilities for women. Attempts to maintain economic competitiveness in Malaysia have rested upon ideas concerning the need to integrate women more fully into the formal labour market and a greater recognition of the contribution of social relations of production to capitalist accumulation. The article discusses some of the tensions and contradictions that have emanated from this policy shift. To cite this Article Elias, Juanita(2009) 'Gendering Liberalisation and Labour Reform in Malaysia: fostering 'competitiveness' in the productive and reproductive economies', Third World Quarterly,30: 3, 469 — 483